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15 January 2007

Section 5: War and Revolution
BAsic knowledge
a.
CHarles I(2)
CHarles II(3)
Oliver Cromwell(1)
Roundheads(5)
Cavaliers(4)

b.
Thomas Paine: He was the author of the powerful and widely read pamphlet 'Common Sense' which advocated independence from Great Britain and instrumental in bringing about the 'Declaration of Independence'.

Thomas Jefferson: Third president of the United States and the principal author of the 'Declaaration of Independence'. One of the most influential founding fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the US.

Benjamin Franklin: Member of the committee of Five that drafted the 'Declaration of Independence'. An ambassador to France from 1776-1785; he was an excellent and successful diplomat.

What was impt abt the following events?
Boston tea Party
A protest by American Colonists againstGreat Britain in which they destroyed many tea bricks on ships in Boston Harbour. Proved to be one of the many causes that led to the American Revolution. Sewed to rally support for revolutionaries in the 13 American countries to fight for independence.

c. The French Revolution
Promulgation of the declaration of the Rights of Man: National Assembly replaced historic provinces with 83 departements, uniformly administered and approximately equal to one another in extent and population

Execution of Louis XVI: Found guilty of treason and executed at the guillotine. Execution signaled end of absolutist monarchy in France and brought about rise of Napoleon I

Formation of Committee of Public Safety: Formed de facto executive government of France during Reign of Terror. Jacobins under Robespierre centralised denunciations, trials and executions

Reign Of Terror: Reign of Terror enabled revolutionary government to avoid military defeat. Frenchmen were executed under pretext of being supporters of monarchy or against revolution. Aim to defend Revolution by destroying internal enemies and conspirators and chasing external enemies from French territory. Political regime suspended most civil liberties.

Seizure of power by Napoleon Bonaparte: proclaimed as Emperor. Acquired control of most of continental Europe by conquest or alliance.